| 国外临床应用西替利嗪的概况
徐学君 王永英
关键词 西替利嗪 临床应用
西替利嗪(cetirizine)是一种选择性高、作用持久的H1受体阻滞剂。近年来,国外临床应用日趋广泛,本文报道其临床应用概况,供临床参考。
1 变应性鼻炎
1.1 季节变应性鼻炎 Watson等[1]以双盲随机平行对照法对19例5~12a季节变应性鼻炎患者,进行为期5周的西替利嗪药效学研究。10例、9例各一组,分别于睡前服西替利嗪5mg或10mg,qd,结果首次口服5mg或10mg西替利嗪后12~24h,打喷嚏、流鼻涕、鼻充血症状明显快速改善;缓解流鼻涕、鼻充血症状,10mg剂量优于5mg剂量;整个研究过程中,变应性鼻炎症状得到了控制。Billardon等[2]报道,12879例季节性鼻炎患者,每日口服西替利嗪10mg,21d,结果约90%患者打喷嚏、鼻出血、鼻塞症状改善,70%患者眼鼻瘙痒、流泪症状改善。Charpin等[3]报道,西替利嗪组17例32.1±13.5a、阿司咪唑组21例39.1±16.9a季节变应性鼻炎患者,分别给予西替利嗪10mg、阿司咪唑10mg,qd,结果在第一周的治疗中,西替利嗪缓解变应性鼻炎症状,比阿斯咪唑更有效,西替利嗪起效快。
1.2 常年变应性鼻炎 Bousquet等[4]报道,对136例25-43a常年变应性鼻炎患者进行西替利嗪改善生活质量的研究,口服西替利嗪10mg,qd,8周,结果前2周西替利嗪组与安慰剂组比较,生活质量改善差异无显著,后6周西替利嗪组改善症状的百分率明显高于安慰剂组,且生活质量明显改善。Mansmann等[5]报道,在一个215例常年变应性鼻炎患者参加的多中心双盲研究中,患者每天早晨口服西替利嗪10mg或20mg,4周,结果流鼻涕、打喷嚏、鼻出血,鼻瘙痒症状明显减轻。Baelde等[6]报道,125例2-4a的常年变应性鼻炎患者,口服西替利嗪5mg,bid,结果所有症状明显改善,与安慰剂比较,鼻塞、鼻出血好转更显著。口服西替利嗪2.5mg,bid,2周,缓解打喷嚏显著优于安慰剂组。
2 荨麻疹
2.1 慢性特发性荨麻疹 文献[7][8]报道,在2个双盲、交叉研究中,慢性荨麻疹患者夜间口服西替利嗪10mg,1周或2周,结果在减轻瘙痒、条痕、红斑及慢性荨麻疹的全部症状方面明显优于安慰剂。Kietzmann等[9]报道,在一项研究中,所有医生认为西替利嗪的功效、耐受性优于特非那丁。Breneman等[10]报道,对187例慢性特发性荨麻疹患者进行双盲、平行、多中心研究,每天睡前分别给予西替利嗪10mg、阿司咪唑10mg,结果改善慢性特发性荨麻疹症状,西替利嗪作用更快。慢性荨麻疹患者同时口服西替利嗪与西咪替丁,西替利嗪的药动学性质不变,功效不受影响[11]。
2.2 物理性荨麻疹 Kontou-Filik等[12]报道,11例慢性迟发压迫性荨麻疹患者,口服西替利嗪10mg,tid,1周,与安慰剂比,发生压力诱发条痕明显减少。Bilsland等[13]报道,6例日光性荨麻疹患者,每天口服西替利嗪10mg或特非那丁60mg,bid,2d,二者增加光诱发荨麻疹阈值的程度相似。
3 特应性皮炎
Behrendt等[14]报道,168例特应性湿疹及严重瘙痒患者,口服西替利嗪10mg或特非那丁60mg,bid,4周,结果湿疹的所有症状,包括瘙痒、湿疹皮损活动性及其涉及范围均有相似程度的明显改善,西替利嗪比特非那丁更有效。Hannuksela等[15]报道,127例中、重度特应性皮炎患者,每天口服西替利嗪10、20或40mg,4周,结果与原来症状相比,3种剂量的西替利嗪及安慰剂均能显著减少红斑、表皮脱落、苔癣化,但只有西替利嗪能改善水疱症状。
4 变应性哮喘
Kjellman[16]报道,247例轻度或中度常年变应性哮喘的儿童和青少年患者,根据体重口服西替利嗪5~15mg,bid,2周,与安慰剂比较,明显减少白天或夜间哮喘的发生及β2肾上腺素能受体兴奋剂的需要量。Grant等[17]报道,93例12~64a的轻、中度季节变应性哮喘患者,每天早晨口服西替利嗪10mg,6周,与安慰剂相比,哮喘症状明显减轻。
作者单位: 学君 (武警安徽省总队医院 合肥230041)
王永英 (合肥市传染病医院)
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(19981103收稿 19990524修回) |